Western Governors University (WGU) BUS2770 D467 Exploring Data Practice Exam

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• A data analyst removes personally identifying information from a dataset. What task are they performing?
• Which describes data collected directly from sources such as surveys?
• In data analytics, what term refers to all possible data values in a dataset?
• Legal right to access your data is an element of which aspect of data ethics?
• How does an analyst apply data ethics to privacy and collection?
• If data is insufficient to analyze the effects of monthly promotions on sales, which approach should be pursued?
• In a plain text file, the content of the file is considered data relative to metadata. Which option best reflects that?
• What is the best practice for naming folders and subfolders to organize data?
• Which spreadsheet feature would provide a high-level summarized version of the data at the end of data cleansing?
• Which spreadsheet operation displays only rows that meet a numeric condition?
• What type of data is the height of a skyscraper?
• Which term describes removing personal identifiers from a dataset to protect privacy?
• Which SQL construct will evaluate a condition and return a value when that condition is met, such as mapping a state to a region?
• Sampling bias occurs when what?
• A data analyst uses _____ to organize multiple files for a project so they can be found and accessed in an efficient manner.
• Which data artifact would you consult to understand what a column means and how it relates to other tables?
• In a data table, which component stores the attributes describing each entity?
• A data professional asks a colleague to evaluate their changes to identify any potential issues. This practice is called what?
• A grocery store chain purchases customer data from a credit card company. The grocer uses this data to identify its most loyal customers and offer them special promotions and discounts. What type of data is being used in this scenario?
• A data type is a specific kind of data _____ that tells what kind of value the data is.
• Which function would you use to search for matches to a value in one column and return a related value from another location?
• Verification is performed after cleaning to ensure what?
• How does an analyst ensure that a data source is reliable?
• Which data ethics concept describes the process of allowing individuals to review the algorithms and data-processing steps used on their data?
• A political scientist needs to poll all voters in Seoul, South Korea... What does this scenario describe?
• Which is an acceptable syntax for the SELECT keyword in MySQL?
• What is verification in the data cleaning process?
• Which file name follows formatting conventions?
• Which CASE expression would correct a misspelled car type where 'SWV' should be replaced with 'SUV'?
• In a relational data table, where are fields contained?
• Which of the following examples would be the most effective file name?
• After submitting a change to a query, team members will be able to access the latest version once they perform which action with the version control system?
• A data model is used to organize _____ and how they relate to one another.
• If verification fails, what is typically the next step?
• A research team conducts an experiment to determine if a new cybersecurity tool is more effective than the previous version. What type of results are required for the experiment to be statistically significant?
• Fill in the blank: To keep a header row at the top of a spreadsheet, highlight the row and select _____ from the View menu.
• Which function is used to limit the length of a string to the first eight characters?
• What does an UPDATE statement do after execution in SQL?
• In a VLOOKUP function, the value of the third argument tells VLOOKUP to return the value in the _____ row from the specified column.
• Which statement is true about sampling irrespective of sample size?
• Verification typically follows which data cleansing stage?
• A data analyst works on an urgent traffic study. As a result of the short time frame, which type of data might yield the best results?
• The number of stars awarded to a product review is an example of _____ data.
• Which SQL function is commonly used to concatenate two text fields into a single field?
• A financial institution publishes data about stock prices and market trends, which any business, nonprofit, or citizen can access, reuse, or redistribute through its online databases. What type of data is described in this scenario?
• Which data type is data obtained from a partner organization rather than directly from the organization?
• Which statistical power is typically considered the minimum for statistical significance?
• In SQL, which keyword is used to give an alias to a computed column, such as labeling the result as product_ID?
• Which statement best describes statistical power?
• Why is clean data critical for data analysis?
• A large company has several databases across its many departments. What kind of metadata describes how many locations contain a certain piece of data?
• If data is publicly accessible and can be reused by anyone, what term describes this data?
• Which of the following is not a typical verification activity?
• What is the term for the tendency to search for or interpret information in a way that validates pre-existing beliefs?
• Data validation is a tool for checking the _____ of data before adding or importing it.
• Ownership in data collection is defined as who owns data created by individuals?
• Fill in the blank: If a test is statistically _____, the results are less likely to be due to random chance and more likely to be due to a real difference between the groups being compared.
• What is the process for arranging data into a meaningful order to make it easier to understand, analyze, and visualize?
• Which statement about verification is correct?
• When using tokenization as a safety measure, what is replaced as a randomly generated token?
• A dataset where each row is an instance and each column is a feature is described as which format?
• What is a feature of the filtering process when applied to spreadsheets?
• A data team at a nature preserve researches the origin of a dataset to confirm it was created by a reputable source, such as a nonprofit research institution. Which aspect of good data are they prioritizing?
• Which SQL function replaces NULL values in a column with values from another column during data migration?
• How does an analyst apply the principle of consent to ethics and privacy in data collection?
• Which principle emphasizes giving data providers control over how their data is used by ensuring their data processing explanations are accessible?
• Fill in the blank: Data security involves adopting _____ in order to protect data from unauthorized access or corruption.
• A delivery company stores customer data in a delivery database and a customer relationship database. When a customer changes their shipping address, the change is not reflected in the delivery database. This leads to the shipments being delivered to the wrong address. What data integrity problem does this scenario describe?
• To keep files organized, use a logical _____ to organize folders and subfolders.
• To extract data from a table by filtering for certain conditions before cleansing, which SQL statement performs this function?
• A data analyst wants to skip null values in calculations and return non-null values for one or more fields. Which SQL function helps with this?
• Which term describes applying a format-wide change to fonts across a sheet to maintain consistency?
• Which SQL statement is used to insert a single row into a table?
• What process do data professionals use to eliminate data redundancy, increase data integrity, and reduce complexity in a database?
• A data analyst uses the COUNTIF function to count the number of times a value less than 50 occurs between spreadsheet cells D2 through F100. What is the correct syntax?
• Which of the following COUNTIF statements would count cells in G2:G100 that contain numbers less than 500?
• Changelogs are files containing which type of ordered lists of modifications?
• Which process utilizes logical and descriptive names for files, making them easier to find and use?
• What SQL function converts text-form numbers into numeric floats?
• Which operation would you perform to display only condominium sales from a dataset?
• What is the relationship between a text string and a substring?
• A database table is named WebTrafficAnalytics. What type of case is this?
• In Vertica, when querying for month_name with variations of December (e.g., dec, Dec) what will the output be?
• A data analyst works for a rental car company. They have a spreadsheet that lists car ID numbers and the dates cars were returned. How should they sort the spreadsheet to find the most recently returned cars?
• Which type of structured data does an analyst use?
• Fill in the blank: When using SQL, the _____ clause can be used to filter a dataset of customers to only include people who have made a purchase in the past month.
• An analyst cleansing invoice data wants to view rows where amount paid is greater than $100. Which spreadsheet feature should be used?
• In data modeling, what is the term used for a specific kind of data attribute?
• Fill in the blank: When using a relational database, data analysts write _____ to request data from the related tables.
• Which file naming choice is most consistent with good data organization practices?
• A data analyst keeps important code in a ______, enabling the team to access the most current version and collaborate effectively.
• A data analyst is reviewing a national database of real estate sales. They are only interested in sales of condominiums. How can the analyst narrow their scope?
• Fill in the blank: A relational database contains a series of _____ that can be connected to form relationships.
• Which of the following best describes sorting data by date in descending order?
• Fill in the blank: Data is considered _____ when it is accurate, complete, and unbiased information that has been vetted and proven fit for use.
• Which expression captures the first eight characters of recipe_name?
• Which SQL function returns the first non-null value among arguments?
• Which term describes data about data used to support discovery and interoperability?
• What is the preferred method for open data to be made available?
• Which example shows the use of primary data?
• Fill in the blank: A data analyst working on a marketing project uses the SQL command _____ to add a row for a recent product lead to their organization's database.
• Which statement best defines data reliability?
• Which file extension is typically used for data exported from spreadsheets?
• Which specific CASE expression yields East when us_states equals Florida?
• To combine city and state into a single field prior to extraction, which SQL statement should be used?
• Which statement best describes verification in data cleansing?
• What term describes selecting a subset of the population to draw conclusions about the whole?
• Consent in data collection is achieved by what action before data gathering begins?
• Which SQL clause is used to group rows that share a property after applying aggregates?
• In data analytics, _____ describes how well two or more datasets are able to work together.
• When discussing structured databases, data analysts refer to the data contained in a row as a record. How do they refer to the data contained in a column?
• What term describes a field that uniquely identifies each record in a table?
• A junior data analyst discovers a dataset is six years old, making the information less relevant to the project. Which data source principle have they applied?
• Which statement best describes statistical significance?
• Which action describes confirming that a dataset was created by a reputable organization?
• To create a clean and consistent visual appearance for a spreadsheet, which tool ensures all font types, sizes, and colors are uniform?
• Using a pivot table in Google Sheets, which function should you use to total the number of non-empty sales records in the purchase_date column?
• Which expression retrieves the first eight letters of recipe_name and stores the result in a new column called recipe_listing?
• What term describes data that is organized and ready for analysis, distinct from raw data?
• Which term describes data that exists outside the organization and is used in analysis?
• Margin of error is the _____ amount that the sample results are expected to differ from those of the actual population.
• What data-security measure uses a unique algorithm to alter data and make it inaccessible without the algorithm?
• Which function extracts a substring from a string?
• Which function is used to count items in a range that meet a specific condition?
• What are data ethics?
• Which SQL function is used to extract a substring from a string variable?
• When using long data, each subject has data in multiple rows. This is because each row represents what?
• Which database design practice aims to minimize redundancy and ensure data integrity in a relational database?
• Which statement best describes the goal of hypothesis testing?
• What is the process of combining two or more datasets into a single dataset?
• What term describes a collection of related fields in a relational database that can be connected to form relationships?
• What term describes the process used to ensure formal management of an organization's data assets?
• What is the general rule regarding the suggested length of each line in a query to maintain indentation best practices?
• Why is it important to use a representative sample when estimating population characteristics?
• What data ethics concept is illustrated when a respondent learns how their data will be used and how long it will be stored?
• What is the primary challenge of a larger sample size?
• Fill in the blank: Hypothesis testing is a process to determine whether a survey or _____ has meaningful results.
• Which SQL clause removes duplicate rows from the result set?
• Which data ethics element concerns the right to access your own data?
• Which of the following is an objective of verification?
• Fill in the blank: If a dataset contains _____, this is an indication that those values do not exist in the dataset.
• What data type would you use to encode a binary yes/no decision?
• What data-security practice enables all collaborators within a file to track changes, such as who made edits to the file, when they were made, and why?
• Before cleansing a dataset, how would you define a schema to the analyst?
• Which condition returns turtle ages that are less than three digits long?
• Which term describes data that originates within the organization and is used for analytics?
• When typing a LEN function, the correct _____ to follow is =LEN(range).
• Which data security measure ensures data remains unreadable to unauthorized users without a decryption key?
• For data analytics projects, _____ data is typically preferred because users know it originated within the organization.
• Typically, a data professional aims to achieve a statistical power of at least _____ to consider their results statistically significant.
• A university surveys its student-athletes about their experience in college sports. The survey only includes student-athletes with scholarships. What type of bias does this scenario describe?
• Fill in the blank: Hypothesis testing is a way to see if a survey or experiment has _____ results.
• A data professional works in a spreadsheet column that can only contain six-digit customer ID numbers. They ensure the data points in the column are exactly six digits long using which data analytics tool?
• A manager in charge of selling a particular product interprets any ambiguous customer feedback about the product as being positive. What type of bias does this represent?
• Fill in the blank: Data _____ involves the accuracy, completeness, consistency, and trustworthiness of data throughout its lifecycle.
• Before analysis, a company collects data from countries that use different date formats. Which action would improve the data integrity?
• A data analyst wants to find out how many middle school students in Helsinki have laptops. It is unlikely that they can survey every middle schooler in the city. Instead, they survey enough students to represent all middle schoolers. This describes what data analytics concept?
• What is the primary purpose of a CASE expression in SQL?
• Which element in the following SQL query can be removed without preventing the query from running: SELECT * FROM `Uni_dataset.new_table` WHERE ID = 'Lawrence' ?
• Which spreadsheet tool searches for matches to a specified value in one column, returning a corresponding piece of information from another location?
• Fill in the blank: If a dataset contains missing values, this is indicated by the term used to denote unknown data.
• If data is insufficient, what is the likely impact on the analysis?
• Which file type saves data in a table-like format suitable for data transfer?
• To remove duplicates in the playlist_id column and return only unique IDs, which SQL clause would you use?
• Within the LEN function, what is placed inside the parentheses?
• Which statement best describes the post-cleaning verification requirement?
• If you have to complete your analysis with insufficient data, how should you address this limitation?
• In order to have a high confidence level in a customer survey, what should the sample size accurately reflect?
• Which of the following is NOT an outcome of verification?
• Before data cleansing, defining a schema serves to describe how the data is organized. Which option describes this best?
• What is the type of bias when someone interprets ambiguous feedback as positive?
• Which example represents a structured data source used in inventory management?
• Which tool allows you to visually identify missing values by changing how cells appear when data meet certain conditions?
• What leads to confirmation bias in data collection?
• Standardizing date formats before analysis primarily improves which aspect of data quality?
• Fill in the blank: Data professionals use data _____ to handle issues related to internal and external data flows while ensuring data assets are formally managed.
• A data analytics team uses data about data to indicate consistent naming conventions for a project. What type of data is involved?
• What are cookies?
• An outcome of the verification step of data cleansing?
• A data analyst explores and notes definitions, data types, and relationships between tables. What does this scenario describe?
• Which statement about the margin of error is accurate?
• Which element of a Notepad file would be considered data as opposed to underlying metadata?
• Sampling _____ occurs when some members of a population are overrepresented or underrepresented in the data.
• To track people's online activities and interests, which method of data collection is most effective?
• Which term describes organizing files by folder and subfolder to reflect a hierarchical structure?
• What is an example of conceptual data modeling that an analyst uses?
• Openness refers to which type of access, usage, and sharing of data?
• Which spreadsheet feature is used to summarize data by aggregating values and showing totals?
• Which describes the role an analyst has in collecting second-party data?
• What should an analyst consider at the start of data collection to reduce errors?
• What is the process of structuring folders broadly at the top, then breaking down those folders into more specific topics?
• Which outcome best describes verification's role in aligning data with its purpose?
• Which statement best describes balancing data security with accessibility in data management?
• What is the term for an identifier that references a database column in which each value is unique?
• A data team at a trade school needs to display only students with fewer than 10 credits in a spreadsheet. Which feature would enable this?
• Which tool is used by data analysts to store and organize data, making it easier for them to manage and access information?
• Which term describes the process of checking data accuracy before loading into a system?
• Which data professionals are most often responsible for ensuring that data is available, secure, and backed up to prevent loss?
• Which statement best describes a substring?
• Which objective best describes data governance?
• Which process may restrict data analysis needs and should be balanced with data access needs?
• In a scenario where a company spreadsheet has 15 sheets, each editable only by its owner, what practice is described?
• Bringing data from a .csv file into a spreadsheet is an example of what process?
• Which process do data analysts use to make data more organized and easier to read?
• Which concept states that all data-processing activities and algorithms should be completely explainable and understood by the person who provides their data?
• When faced with insufficient data for analysis, which approach aligns with best practice?
• In a spreadsheet, which function counts all non-empty cells within a specified range?
• Which SQL expression retrieves the first two characters of the product_name column and assigns them to a new column named product_ID?
• How does an analyst apply the principle of ownership to ethics and privacy in data collection?
• Which is an example of administrative metadata for a digital file?
• Which of the following questions would enable a data professional to collect nominal qualitative data?
• A data scientist records whether users have accepted their company's terms of service or not. What data type is being collected?
• Which characteristic best describes a reliable data source?
• Which concept refers to maintaining the trustworthiness of data over time?
• Which outcome demonstrates verification achieved its goal?
• Which role is most commonly responsible for ensuring data is available, secure, and backed up to prevent loss?
• Which practice is least desirable when naming folders and subfolders?
• A large metropolitan high school gives each of its students an ID number to differentiate them in its database. What kind of metadata are the ID numbers?
• In Google Sheets, which function enables a data analyst to specify a range of cells in one spreadsheet to be duplicated in another?
• To remove leading, trailing, and repeated spaces in data, analysts use the ____ function.
• In a survey about a new gardening product, 80% of respondents report they would buy the product again. The margin of error for the survey is 5%. Based on that margin of error, what range reflects the population's true response?
• Bias is a _____ preference in favor of or against a person, group of people, or thing.
• Before completing a survey, an individual acknowledges reading information about how and why the data they provide will be used. What is this concept called?
• Fill in the blank: Naming _____ are consistent guidelines used to describe the content, date, or version of a file.
• Which attribute is essential to data integrity across its lifecycle?
• In an employee satisfaction survey, 60% of respondents report that they prefer commuting to work via train. The margin of error for the survey is 4%. Based on that margin of error, what range reflects the population's true response?
• During verification, which question is most relevant?
• Which statement best describes confirmation bias in data collection?
• Which file naming practice demonstrates including date and version in the file name?
• Fill in the blank: Data _____ is a cleaning feature to check the accuracy and quality of data before adding or importing it.
• Which term describes data that originates within an organization and is generally trusted for analytics?
• As an analyst downloads a dataset from the internet to their local drive, their internet connection goes down. This interrupts the download, causing them to have an incomplete copy of the dataset on their computer. What data integrity problem does this scenario describe?
• In data analytics, term for data that is generated from, and lives, outside of an organization?
• An analyst used a column of a table to uniquely identify each record within a table. Which tool did they use?
• What is the difference between raw data and information?
• Which statement is least aligned with verification goals?
• An analyst needs to show the geographic distribution of customers in the United States by region. Which visual representation should this analyst use?